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MICROWAVE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Head of the School Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Vice-Rector for Scientific Work of KPI them. Igor Sikorsky Illchenko Mikhail Efimovich
Brief History of the School of Science: The starting point for the creation of a school of science M.Yu. Ilchenko in 1964 became an early completion of the final examinations, obtaining a diploma in engineer with honors, admission to the postgraduate studies (then completed their studies in December, and graduated in September); 2.5 years of post-defense candidate's thesis. And thus, the formation of its scientific school of microwave telecommunications began.
The active scientific work of Mikhail Efimovich Ilchenko began more than forty years ago, and the choice of his scientific direction dictated life itself. In those years of active confrontation between the USSR and the US in the field of high-tech weaponry in the Soviet Union, it was necessary, in particular, to develop competitive radioelectronic systems that would solve radar and radio-detection problems. To accomplish these tasks, the best scientific collectives of the country, including the staff of the Department of Radio Engineering of the Kyiv Polytechnic, led by the founder of the Radio Engineering Faculty Professor Volodymyr Vasilievich Ogievsky, who, together with Associate Professor Oleksandra Yakimivna Bokrynskaya, were organized by a highly professional team that had completed a lot of developments in the interests of state defense and in accordance with the relevant special regulations of the government of the country. The composition of this creative team was involved in M.Yu. Ilchenko
What factors influenced the choice of the direction of scientific research M.U. Ilchenko? First of all, it is a necessity to perform complicated technical tasks of scientific developments of the created equipment. The well-known traditional solutions of microwave devices did not meet the requirements, and this explains the need for new scientific research. These studies primarily concerned with solving physical and technical problems in the creation of radio engineering devices and systems, the functionality of which was based, in particular, on the use of various physical phenomena in ferrites and dielectrics in their interaction with microwave radiation in various electrodynamic systems. The solution of these problems involved leading scientific institutions of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the electronic industry of the country.
Scientific achievements M.Yu. Ilchenko is the following.
First, this is a fundamental research that led to the creation of a new class of solid-state oscillatory systems from dielectrics and ferrites. He discovered mathematically simulating and systematizing the most common patterns of interaction with electromagnetic fields of ultrahigh frequencies of ferrite and dielectric elements, which are located in different waveguide systems and have a resonant character of the indicated interaction. Such interaction is caused by various physical phenomena, namely: ferromagnetic resonance in ferrites, volume resonance in dielectric elements, resonance phenomena in planar dielectric structures. The main feature of the proposed approach is the finding of these regularities as functions of complex coupling coefficients introduced by M.Yu. Ilchenko for field reasons. Systematization of regularities allowed to predict the characteristics of interaction in various specific cases.
External characteristics of the systems are found in the form of coefficients of passage or reflection. M.Yu. Ilchenko brought out dozens of new formulas, which for the first time mathematically described the characteristics of resonators in different lines of transmission of electromagnetic waves. The obtained relationships for the first time enabled to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the physical effects of asymmetry of resonance characteristics, increased frequency selectivity, rotation of the plane of polarization of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide, the presence of poles of increased attenuation, the influence of higher types of electromagnetic waves, perturbed by resonators and not propagated in transmission lines, and others. With regard to physical effects, it should be noted that some of them were discovered by M. Yu. Ilchenko So, for example, to the work of M.Yu. Ilchenko believed that the rotation of the plane of polarization of an electromagnetic wave in a round waveguide with ferrite is due only to the Faraday effect and is directly proportional to the linear size of the ferrite and its real part of the magnetic permeability. M.Yu. Ilchenko experimentally discovered and then theoretically proved that under certain conditions established by him the ferrite element with almost zero linear size can cause a significant turn of the polarization plane in the resonance mode. The mechanism of the detected rotation is due not to the actual, but to the imaginary part of the magnetic permeability of the ferrite. As a result of these studies, M.Yu. Ilchenko in 1968, in the leading journal of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, "Radiotechnics and Electronics" published the original article "The phenomenon of the resonance rotation of the plane of polarization in a round waveguide with a ferrite resonator." This article for the first time highlighted the basic laws of resonance rotation of the plane of polarization and outlined the foundations for the development of a new direction of research. Also, for the first time M.Yu. Ilchenko was experimentally (and then theoretically) discovered the effect of increasing the absorption coefficient of microwave energy up to its maximum possible value with an increase in the level of power above the critical value in the mode of nonlinear ferromagnetic resonance. M.Yu. Ilchenko proposed to modify the dissipative member of the classical equation of the magnetization magnetization vector of the ferrite, adding to the parameter that traditionally takes into account heat loss, is another parameter that would also take into account the losses on the redundancy.
Other regularities of interaction were found, the original formulas obtained for the characteristics of concrete systems, as well as the ratio for the coupling coefficients, gave the scientist the opportunity to offer dozens of new technical solutions to resonance devices protected by copyright certificates for inventions, to optimize the designs of a number of devices, and to create methods of engineered calculation frequency -elected devices of the new generation, which favorably differed from their predecessors in 50-100 times the best weight-and-gross characteristics. Later, in a decade, the leading experts of the country (including academician Volodymyr Mefodievich Yakovenko) will name the mentioned scientific articles "classical works". So it is logical that the introduction of M.Yu. Ilchenko's results in practice were noted in 1983 by the State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR in the field of science and technology. This prize was awarded for a series of scientific and practical works that made it possible to create in the USSR and introduce into practice a new scientific and technical direction - electronics. This direction is based on the use of physical phenomena in dielectric materials with high temperature stability of their parameters. In the framework of the noted work, such new dielectric materials were created, as well as solved problems of mathematical modeling of the interaction of dielectric resonators with high-frequency fields.
Secondly, M.Yu. Ilchenko conducted a study aimed at creating a new class of tiny solid-state devices, which included, together with dielectric resonators, active semiconductor devices (transistors, Anna's diodes, etc.). Their combined use made it possible to create a whole generation of miniature devices in accordance with the specific requirements of the developers of microwave radio information intelligence and satellite communications, created in the interests of state defense in accordance with relevant regulations of the government of the USSR. New technical solutions for electronics have also been used to create information systems for civilian use. Their widespread implementation took place in the coming decades and is illustrated by the fact that today the dielectric resonator is an integral part of each of the hundreds of millions of parabolic antennas individually receiving satellite television worldwide.
For the creation in cooperation with scientists and manufacturers of the electronic industry of the USSR devices with qualitatively new characteristics and their introduction into the radio-electronic equipment of satellite telecommunications of special purpose M.Yu. Ilchenko awarded the title of laureate of the State Prize of the USSR in the field of science and technology for 1989.
Thirdly, since the 90s, when in the conditions of the collapse of the USSR, scientific and technical developments for the needs of the military complex were almost stopped and the problem of eliminating a significant backlog of our state in modern telecommunication facilities was under the control of M.Yu. Ilchenko, several executions were carried out national scientific and technical programs on telecommunication problems.
M.Yu.Ilchenko – actively working scientist and creator of new technical systems. In particular, he is the main designer of the development of information systems, which are executed at the request of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and implemented in the daily activities of this respectable agency. His personal involvement also concerns the creation of new competitive microwave telecommunication information systems. Evidence of the fundamental nature of the scientific results of M. Y. Ilchenko is, in particular, the fact that the earlier created scientific principles for the construction of solid-state dielectric filters make it possible and now to use these devices for the needs of the industry. Thus, dielectric devices have been introduced into the mobile radio communication equipment for more than 10 years and are used to construct receivers for determining the location of objects on the Earth GPS systems that are serially produced by the "Orizon Navigation" enterprise in Cherkasy region.
The achievements of microwave technology, including electronics, are also effectively implemented in domestic developments of information microwave systems of integrated services of the type MITRIS, the practical implementation of which allows to significantly improve the telecommunications provision of state informatization. Such developments, performed with the participation of M.Yu. Ilchenko, are successfully used in Ukraine, Russia, Georgia and other countries. The creation of promising radiotelecommunication systems was noted in 2000 by the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine with the award of M. Y. Ilchenko to the SA Lebedev Prize.
Developments in recent years relate to modern microwave information systems that solve the problems of broadband wireless access, including the use of electromagnetic waves terahertz range and nanotechnology in radiotelecommunications systems. In recent publications, sometimes even compare the pace of implementation of wireless technologies with revolutionary changes in technical means of computer science in the implementation of computer information networks. The combination of advantages that gave optimal use of microwave technologies and computer facilities allowed the team of specialists from the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, the VM Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Ukrsat Company and the Oryzon-Navigating Company, under the scientific coordination of the M Y.Yilchenko to complete the cycle of development aimed at fulfilling the tasks envisaged by the three decrees of the President of Ukraine, four resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The solution of these tasks enabled to create and implement domestic information and telecommunication systems for informatization of customs, tax and border services, banking activity, improvement of informational support on Ukrainian highways, improvement of navigation systems, information provision of state authorities, etc. Implementation of the results of this development cycle was noted in 2004 by the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology.
Another important scientific direction that M.Y. Ilchenko cares for is a study on the history of science and technology. The formation and development of the State Polytechnic Museum took place with his direct participation. Together with his students of the Ph.D. degrees and the staff of the museum, he organized research on the history of the development of technology as a necessary component of the formation of the outlook of specialists in technical specialties. From the initiative of Academician Boris Paton since 2001, scientific readings from the cycle "Prominent Designers of Ukraine" have been launched, which are systematically conducted on the basis of the museum under the auspices of its Academic Council, headed by M.Yu. Ilchenko. The study of the activities of more than 30 domestic pioneering creators in various fields of scientific and technical creativity, the vital and scientific paths of which are connected with Ukraine, promotes the preservation of historical memory of the outstanding achievements of scientific and technical and engineering design ideas, the formation of a coherent historical picture of development science and technology in the country.
The scientific-organizational activity of M. Y. Ilchenko, which, in particular, forms the basis of innovation activity within the framework of the Science Park "Kyiv Polytechnic", is the chief editor of the scientific journals "Telecommunication Sciences", "Research on the history of technology", co-chairman of Ukraine Program committee of twenty annual International conferences on microwave and telecommunication technologies "Krimiko", whose works have been presented in the world-wide base "Scopus" more than 10 years ago. Deputy Academician-Secretary of the Informatics Department of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, chairman of the council of vice-rectors of scientific work - these elective duties, as well as membership at many state-level scientific-organizational committees, help to use his experience in shaping and implementing the policy of science organization in Ukraine.
Scientific publications by M.Yu. Ilchenko make up more than 500 works, including monographs of encyclopedic character. In particular, the monograph "Dielectric Resonators", published in 1989 by the Radio and Communications Publishing House (Moscow) with the participation of and edited by M.Yu. Ilchenko, is presented at the Library of the United States Congress, and the preface to it was written by the winner of the Lenin and Nobel Awards, double Hero of Socialist Labor, academician of the USSR Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov, who noted that in the monograph "the presentation of the physical foundations of the work of dielectric resonators is harmoniously combined with the comprehensive consideration of the engineering theory of devices on their basis, as well as issues related to their development and application in modern radio relay stations and communication systems of the new generation. " In the monographs of recent years, the modern achievements of microwave technology and radio technologies and their use in the construction of promising information systems are thoroughly covered. In particular, the two-volume "Microwave Devices of Telecommunication Systems" academician Nikolai Nakhodkin described as "a worthy successor of the already classical former works of the microwave technology."
Significant scientific achievements of the scientist became the basis for organizing them in the Kiev Polytechnic of new faculties, scientific and educational institutes, providing high-quality training of specialists in the field of telecommunications. Honored Professor of NTUU "KPI", honorary member of IEEE (USA) M.Yu. Ilchenko and his scientific school (which is more than 20 doctors and candidates of science) are recognized in Ukraine and other states. Therefore, as the Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nobel Prize winner Zhores Ivanovich Alfiorov rightly pointed out, "Professor ME Ilchenko contributes to the strengthening of the authority of the Ukrainian scientific school with his outstanding scientific contribution and organizational activity."
An outstanding Ukrainian scientist in the field of information transmission and processing - the academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, the laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR, the Ukrainian SSR and Ukraine in the field became the initiator of the creation and the scientific leader of the telecommunication department (and subsequently the Institute of Telecommunication Systems). Science and Technology Mikhail Efimovich Ilchenko. Also professors of the department V.P. made a great contribution to the creation and development of the department. Vinnitsa, LP Shcherbina, O.M. Lebedev, A.O. Lipatov and others. Today, the leading scientists of the department of telecommunications - professors S.O. Kravchuk, OI Lysenko, T.M. Narytnik, OI Romanov, Ye.A. Yakornov, which successfully combine teaching activities with research work. The department is also proud of the new generation of scientific and pedagogical workers - young talented teachers who, besides teaching disciplines, fruitfully work on a number of interesting and perspective projects within the department and ITS. This is associate professor D.A. Mynochkin is the head of the modern laboratory of the basic network of the mobile operator, created with the support of Lifecell and Ericsson; chairman of the international office of ITS associate professor IV Trubarov; senior lecturer T.O. Pryshchepa, who for many years has been taking care of the development of websites of the Department of Telecommunications and ITS, and others. The department has created good conditions for professional development of young scientists, it is possible to study in postgraduate and doctoral studies, to obtain degrees and receive academic titles.